Status quo

What India spends on libraries


India's states spend about ₹15.30 per person per year on public libraries. The best-funded state spends roughly 1,400× the worst — both under the same Constitution. Here is the money, in full.

State by state · 2020-21

31 states. One scandal.

Per-capita public-library spending, ₹ per person per year, latest year reported. Goa, at the top, spends about ₹140; Jharkhand, at the bottom, spends 10 paise.

Source: Ministry of Culture, state-wise per-capita library spending, 2014-15 to 2020-21.
The budget is a moral document

We had the money.

Every public library in India, for a whole year, set beside what the same Union government found for a statue and a single corporate tax cut. One scale.

All public libraries · 1 year
₹1,406 cr
Statue of Unity · construction
₹2,989 cr
Corporate tax cut (2019) · 1 year
₹1,45,000 cr
Statue = ~2 years of every public library combined.
Tax cut · 1 yr = ~103 years of every public library combined.
Libraries = 0.03% of the Union Budget.
Sources: Statue of Unity ~₹2,989 cr (Govt. of Gujarat, 2018); corporate tax cut ~₹1.45 lakh cr revenue forgone, FY 2019-20 (CAG / Finance Ministry); all-libraries ₹1,406 cr (combined per-capita × population).
India vs the world

A rounding error.

Per-capita public-library spending, ₹ per person per year, order-of-magnitude. India's line is barely visible — that is the finding.

Sources: IMLS (USA), CIPFA (UK), ALIA (Australia), NAPLE/Libraries.fi (Finland), Statistics Canada, Ministry of Culture & Tourism (PRC); India from Ministry of Culture / KBD 2025. Order-of-magnitude.
Methodology

How these numbers are built.

Per-capita figures come from the CAG Combined Finance & Revenue Accounts (Major Head 2205, sub-head 105) and the Ministry of Culture's state-wise series, 2014-15 to 2020-21. The ₹4.66 hero figure is the nominal series deflated to constant 2011-12 ₹ via the MoSPI implicit GDP deflator; the real-terms peak was ₹7.87 in 2018-19. Comparators (statue, corporate tax cut) are from the Government of Gujarat (2018) and CAG / Finance Ministry annexures (FY 2019-20). A fuller per-state write-up is in preparation.

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